There appears to be nothing inherently negative about the term “cultism,” but it has acquired a distinctly negative connotation, particularly in educational contexts across Africa. Cultism is recognized as an antisocial and deviant phenomenon where groups engage in activities that defy the norms of educational institutions and operate in secrecy. This secretive nature and the often violent behavior associated with these groups have led to significant concerns and detrimental effects on campuses.
In Nigeria, the impact of cultism on universities has been particularly severe, with many institutions recounting harrowing experiences involving cult-related violence. Cult groups, which often include both male and female factions, cause immense disruption, negatively impacting the educational environment. The violence perpetrated by these groups frequently spills over to affect innocent individuals, creating a climate of fear and insecurity within educational institutions.
Students join cult groups for a variety of reasons. Some seek to exert power and intimidate fellow students or lecturers, while others aim to dominate romantic interests or bolster their own ego. A significant number join due to coercion, facing severe repercussions if they refuse. The pressure to conform to cult demands can be intense, with violence and intimidation used to enforce loyalty.
In Nigerian universities, polytechnics, monotechnics, and colleges of education, a plethora of dangerous cult groups are reported to exist. These groups include both male and female factions that contribute to the disruption of academic environments and impede educational progress. Prominent examples of these groups include the Eiye Confraternity, the Buccaneers Confraternity, the Pyrates Confraternity, and the Vikings.
The Eiye Confraternity, also known as the Air Lords, was established in the early 1960s. Originally founded as a cultural association, the group has since gained notoriety for its involvement in violent activities. Similarly, the Buccaneers Confraternity was formed in 1972 and is recognized as a significant player in the cult landscape. Another notable group is the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), which, although not indigenous to Nigeria, has been cited as an example of a highly dangerous and extremist cult group.
The origins of cultism in Nigeria trace back to the early 1950s, specifically 1953, at the University of Ibadan. The movement was initiated by Professor Wole Soyinka,
a Nobel Laureate, and his associates, collectively known as the Magnificent Seven. This group was established with the intention of addressing tribalism and elitism prevalent among students. During that period, the university was divided between wealthy, privileged students and those who were less fortunate. The Magnificent Seven sought to bridge this gap, combat discrimination, and promote equality. Their motto, “Against all conventions,” along with the skull and crossbones emblem, symbolized their mission to challenge existing social hierarchies and foster unity among students.
However, as time passed, the original ideals of the cultism movement became corrupted. Problems emerged when the standards for joining the confraternity were perceived as elitist, leading to dissatisfaction among potential members who could not meet the high academic and intellectual criteria. This dissatisfaction contributed to the shift from a noble mission to one driven by more selfish and violent motives. Over time, the initial purpose of fighting against tribalism and elitism became overshadowed by the quest for power, dominance, and personal gain.
Today, universities such as the University of Ibadan, the University of Lagos, and Obafemi Awolowo University have witnessed severe cult-related violence. This violence has led to the loss of numerous lives and left many individuals with severe disabilities. Cult groups engage in violent clashes, often targeting rival factions and anyone perceived as a threat. These clashes can lead to fatalities and severe injuries, with victims often suffering from gunshot wounds or other forms of violence.
The consequences of cultism extend beyond physical harm. Students involved in cult groups face expulsion from their institutions, and once expelled, they are typically barred from being readmitted to any higher education institution. This expulsion can have long-lasting effects on their academic and professional futures. Cultism also fosters an environment of fear and intimidation, which can have a chilling effect on academic freedom and the overall learning environment.
Moreover, the violence associated with cultism can lead to severe physical injuries. Many victims suffer from disabilities, such as loss of sight or limb amputations due to gunshot wounds or other forms of violence. The psychological impact of such violence can also be profound, leading to long-term trauma and emotional distress.
In addition to physical and psychological harm, cultism poses significant health risks. Cult members are at high risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, often due to drug abuse and other risky behaviors. The transmission of HIV/AIDS can occur through needle sharing among drug users or through sexual activities, especially if cult members engage in transactional sex. This health risk further exacerbates the negative impact of cultism on students and the broader community.
Despite various efforts by authorities to combat cultism, the problem persists. New cult groups continue to emerge, utilizing advanced methods for recruitment and operations. These new groups often adopt sophisticated technologies and strategies, making it challenging for authorities to keep pace with their activities. As a result, cultism remains a persistent and evolving threat within educational institutions.
Addressing the issue of cultism requires a multifaceted approach. Preventive measures are essential to reduce the incidence of cultism and mitigate its impact. One crucial measure is fostering a strong sense of faith and moral integrity among students. Encouraging students to place their faith in God as their protector can help deter them from joining cult groups. By emphasizing the importance of divine protection and provision, students may be less inclined to seek refuge in cults, which often prey on individuals seeking security or validation.
Educational institutions also play a vital role in combating cultism. Schools and universities must implement strict policies and enforcement mechanisms to deter cult activities. This includes conducting regular security checks, providing counseling and support services, and promoting awareness about the dangers of cultism. Collaborative efforts between educational institutions, law enforcement agencies, and community organizations can help create a safer environment for students.
Additionally, creating opportunities for students to engage in positive extracurricular activities can provide alternative avenues for fulfillment and personal growth. Encouraging participation in sports, arts, and community service can help divert students’ attention from cult activities and foster a sense of belonging and purpose.
Parents and guardians also have a crucial role to play in preventing cultism. By maintaining open lines of communication with their children and providing guidance and support, parents can help steer them away from harmful influences. Educating parents about the signs of cult involvement and the importance of early intervention can further support efforts to combat cultism.
In summary, cultism poses a significant threat to educational institutions and the broader community. The negative consequences of cultism, including violence, expulsion, disabilities, and health risks, underscore the urgent need for comprehensive preventive measures. By fostering faith, implementing strict institutional policies, promoting positive extracurricular activities, and involving parents and guardians, it is possible to address and reduce the incidence of cultism. A collective effort from all stakeholders is essential to create a safe and supportive educational environment where students can thrive without the threat of cult-related violence and disruption.
